Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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3:48 minutes

Problem 3f

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds,
1. give the IUPAC name.
2. give the common name (if possible).
3. classify the compound as a methyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary halide.
(f)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the structure provided in the image. The compound is a cyclobutane ring with two halogen substituents: bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl). The substituents are attached to adjacent carbons in the ring.

Step 2: Assign locants to the substituents for the IUPAC name. Start numbering the ring from the carbon attached to bromine (Br) to give the lowest possible numbers to the substituents. Bromine is at position 1, and chlorine is at position 2.

Step 3: Write the IUPAC name. Combine the substituents in alphabetical order (bromine before chlorine) with their locants, followed by the parent chain name 'cyclobutane'. The IUPAC name is 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclobutane.

Step 4: Determine the common name (if possible). Since the compound does not have a widely recognized common name, the IUPAC name is typically used.

Step 5: Classify the halides. Bromine is attached to a secondary carbon (a carbon bonded to two other carbons), and chlorine is also attached to a secondary carbon. Therefore, both halides are secondary halides.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to create unique names based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of compounds.

Common Names

Common names are informal names used to identify chemical compounds, often based on historical or traditional usage rather than systematic rules. While IUPAC names are standardized, common names can vary by region and may not always reflect the compound's structure. Familiarity with common names can aid in recognizing widely used compounds in organic chemistry.

Classification of Halides

Halides are classified based on the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached. They can be categorized as methyl (attached to a methyl group), primary (attached to a primary carbon), secondary (attached to a secondary carbon), or tertiary (attached to a tertiary carbon). This classification is important for predicting reactivity and understanding the compound's behavior in chemical reactions.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

a. What is each compound’s systematic name?

b. Draw a skeletal structure for each condensed structure given and draw a condensed structure for each skeletal structure.

1. (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂

Textbook Question

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.

e. 5-(2,2-dimethylethyl)nonane

f. isopentylbromide

Textbook Question

Name the following compounds:

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds,

1. give the IUPAC name.

2. give the common name (if possible).

3. classify the compound as a methyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary halide.

Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds.

a. sec-butyl chloride