Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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4:43 minutes

Problem 2b

Textbook Question

Name the following alkanes and haloalkanes. When two or more substituents are present, list them in alphabetical order.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. In this case, the longest chain contains 4 carbon atoms, making it a butane backbone.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the main chain starting from the end closest to the substituents (Br and CH2CH3) to ensure the lowest possible numbers for the substituents.

Step 3: Identify and name the substituents attached to the main chain. The substituents are a bromine atom (Br) and an ethyl group (CH2CH3).

Step 4: Assign the correct position numbers to the substituents based on the numbering of the main chain. Bromine is attached to carbon 2, and the ethyl group is attached to carbon 3.

Step 5: Combine the names of the substituents in alphabetical order followed by the name of the main chain. The final name will include the positions of the substituents and the name of the main chain (butane).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Nomenclature of Alkanes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single bonds and follow specific naming conventions based on the number of carbon atoms. The longest continuous carbon chain is identified, and the corresponding prefix (e.g., 'but-' for four carbons) is used, followed by the suffix '-ane'. If substituents are present, they are named and numbered according to their position on the main chain.

Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

Haloalkanes, or alkyl halides, are alkanes that contain one or more halogen atoms (e.g., Br, Cl, I, F) as substituents. The halogen is treated as a substituent in the naming process, and its position is indicated by a number corresponding to the carbon atom it is attached to. The name of the haloalkane is formed by combining the alkane name with the halogen prefix (e.g., 'bromo-' for bromine).

Alphabetical Order of Substituents

When naming compounds with multiple substituents, the substituents must be listed in alphabetical order, regardless of their position on the carbon chain. This rule applies to all substituents, including alkyl groups and halogens. For example, if both a bromo and an ethyl group are present, the name would start with 'bromo' followed by 'ethyl', even if the ethyl group is located at a lower-numbered carbon.