There are three isomers with molecular formula C 2 H 2 Cl 2 . Draw their structures. Which one does not have a dipole moment?

Well, everyone in this video, we want to determine which of the following customers with the molecular formula of C two H two F two does not have a dipole moment. So the ability of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself is called its electro negativity. So dipole moments occur in bonds as a result of differences in these electro negativity ease of the bonded atoms. The difference in electric negativity results in the separation of charge creating what we call a dipole moment. The dipole moment of a bond is defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the charges the charge is affected by the electron negativity difference between the two atoms are dipole moment of molecules is based on the magnitude and direction of each individual disciple bond. So in our carbon, the bonds, disciples of the two F C bonds cancel each other out. So we're talking about our structure. See here, we see that the bonds of our hydrogen and flooring here they do cancel each other out. So comparing our flooring to our carbon here, there's going to be a pull towards our flooring, same thing for the other side of our molecule. So we're saying that these will kind of just cancel each other out. Thus, the resultant type of moments of the molecule is going to be zero. We see here for our structure. A this option is actually incorrect because our flooring actually likes to only have one bond and three long pairs. We can also see it for the disciples, it does have the same effect. However, because of this double bound here, that results in a wrong and incorrect structure. So that's why we eliminate option A for options B N D here, they have non zero dipole moments, meaning that there is a net dipole moment. The same thing, we go ahead and draw those type of areas. We already know that flooring is more electro negative. So we can draw the arrow pulling towards the flooring atom simply for this here. If we sort of add or consider these arrows as vectors, it would do a vector addition, they're going to have a net dipole of just being towards overall towards the floor in. So we have a big arrow going up like so now for option D again, we draw these structures, we can go ahead and draw the depot eras pointing towards the floor in atoms. And we add those two vectors up, we can see we have a net dipole going towards the right side. So that's why we have eliminated options B and D again, for option eight, the incorrect structure for B and D, they do have a non zero dipole moment. So the only correct answer that we have seen and this problem is going to be option C. So option C is going to be my final answer in this problem.

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1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
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12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
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32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Electronegativity

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Electronegativity

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Problem 78

Textbook Question

There are three isomers with molecular formula C₂H₂Cl₂. Draw their structures. Which one does not have a dipole moment?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the molecular formula C2H2Cl2. This indicates a molecule with two carbon atoms, two hydrogen atoms, and two chlorine atoms. The molecule can form isomers based on the arrangement of the chlorine atoms around the carbon-carbon double bond.

Step 2: Draw the three possible isomers of C2H2Cl2. These are: (1) cis-1,2-dichloroethene, where both chlorine atoms are on the same side of the double bond; (2) trans-1,2-dichloroethene, where the chlorine atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond; and (3) 1,1-dichloroethene, where both chlorine atoms are attached to the same carbon atom.

Step 3: Analyze the dipole moment of each isomer. Dipole moment arises due to the difference in electronegativity between atoms and the molecular geometry. In cis-1,2-dichloroethene, the dipoles from the chlorine atoms do not cancel out, resulting in a net dipole moment. In trans-1,2-dichloroethene, the dipoles from the chlorine atoms cancel out due to symmetry, resulting in no net dipole moment. In 1,1-dichloroethene, the dipoles do not cancel out, resulting in a net dipole moment.

Step 4: Identify the isomer without a dipole moment. Based on the analysis, trans-1,2-dichloroethene does not have a dipole moment because the molecule is symmetrical, and the dipoles cancel each other out.

Step 5: Confirm the reasoning by considering the molecular geometry and electronegativity differences. Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating dipoles in the molecule. The spatial arrangement of these dipoles determines whether they cancel out or result in a net dipole moment.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations of atoms. In the case of C2H2Cl2, the isomers can differ in the connectivity of the carbon and chlorine atoms, leading to distinct chemical and physical properties.

Dipole Moment

A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, which occurs due to differences in electronegativity between atoms. Molecules with polar bonds and an asymmetrical shape typically have a net dipole moment, while symmetrical molecules may have no dipole moment despite having polar bonds.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. In the context of C2H2Cl2, chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, which influences the polarity of the bonds. Understanding electronegativity helps predict the dipole moments of the isomers based on their molecular geometry and the arrangement of electronegative atoms.

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There are three isomers with molecular formula C2H2Cl2. Draw their structures. Which one does not have a dipole moment?

Key Concepts

Isomerism

Dipole Moment

Electronegativity

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There are three isomers with molecular formula C₂H₂Cl₂. Draw their structures. Which one does not have a dipole moment?