How many constitutional isomers can you draw for C 4 H 10 O?

Welcome back, everyone determine the number of constitutional isomers that can be generated from C three H 80. And we are given for answer choices A two B three C four and D five. Let's understand that constitutional isomers are structures with the same molecular formula but different linkage of particular substituents, right? So what we want to do to begin with is calculate the hydrogen deficiency index using one half multiplied by two, multiplied by the number of carbon atoms plus two plus the number of nitrogens minus the number of hydrogens and minus the number of halogens. In this case, the number of carbon atoms would be three, there would be no nitrogens, but we're subtracting eight hydrogens, right? And also there would be zero halogens. So let's subtract zero. We end up with a hydrogen deficiency index of zero, meaning there are no pipe bombs, no ranks in the structure. So if we don't have any pipe bombs, but there's oxygen present, we have to narrow down our possibilities. And we can say that it can either be an alcohol or an ether, right? Because those structures have oxygen atoms with single bonds only. So if we have three carbon atoms, we can simply enjoy a three member chain. We can make it an alcohol 123, specifically, we can add the alcohol group at the very end, which gives us propane 10. And we can also make it a secondary alcohol instead of a primary alcohol, right? So we can get propane 20 by placing the alcohol group at the secondary carbon instead, meaning we have two possibilities for an alcohol, right? And what about an ether? Well, we only have one possibility since we have three carbon atoms, we can take the methyl group bonnet, the oxygen and then add an ethyl group at the end. Right. That's the only possibility for us. Meaning we have a total of three constitutional isomers, two alcohols and one ether. This gives us b as the correct answer choice. There are three constitutional isomers that can be generated from C three H 80. That will be it. Thank you for watching.

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1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Constitutional Isomers

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Constitutional Isomers

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Problem 1b

Textbook Question

How many constitutional isomers can you draw for C₄H₁₀O?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. Constitutional isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms. For C4H10O, we need to explore all possible ways to arrange the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms while ensuring the molecular formula remains the same.

Step 2: Begin by considering the functional groups that can be formed with C4H10O. The two main possibilities are alcohols (R-OH) and ethers (R-O-R'). Alcohols have a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon, while ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups.

Step 3: For alcohols, systematically arrange the carbon chain (straight or branched) and place the hydroxyl group in all possible unique positions. For example, consider a straight chain of four carbons (butanol) and a branched chain (isobutanol). Ensure that each arrangement is unique and does not repeat another structure.

Step 4: For ethers, consider all possible combinations of carbon groups (R and R') that can be attached to the oxygen atom. For example, you can have a straight chain of three carbons with a single carbon group attached to the oxygen, or two two-carbon groups attached to the oxygen. Again, ensure that each structure is unique.

Step 5: Verify that all structures are valid and distinct. Check that each structure adheres to the rules of valency (carbon forms four bonds, oxygen forms two bonds, etc.) and that no two structures are identical. Count the total number of unique structures to determine the number of constitutional isomers for C4H10O.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Constitutional Isomers

Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This means that the arrangement of atoms in the molecule varies, leading to different structural formulas. Understanding constitutional isomers is crucial for determining the various forms a compound can take, which is essential when analyzing organic compounds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of C4H10O, the presence of an alcohol (-OH) or ether (R-O-R') functional group can lead to different isomers. Recognizing functional groups helps in predicting the properties and reactivity of the isomers formed.

Molecular Formula and Structural Representation

The molecular formula provides the number of each type of atom in a compound, while structural representation shows how these atoms are connected. For C4H10O, understanding how to draw structural formulas is essential for visualizing and identifying the different constitutional isomers. This skill is fundamental in organic chemistry for analyzing and comparing different compounds.

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How many constitutional isomers can you draw for C4H10O?

Key Concepts

Constitutional Isomers

Functional Groups

Molecular Formula and Structural Representation

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How many constitutional isomers can you draw for C₄H₁₀O?