Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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4:28 minutes

Problem 24d,e,f

Textbook Question

Classify the following hydrocarbons, and draw a Lewis structure for each one. A compound may fit into more than one of the following classifications:
alkane
alkene
alkyne
cycloalkane
cycloalkene
cycloalkyne
aromatic
hydrocarbon
(d)
(e)
(f)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by identifying the general formula for each type of hydrocarbon. Alkanes have the formula CnH2n+2, alkenes CnH2n, alkynes CnH2n-2, cycloalkanes CnH2n, cycloalkenes CnH2n-2, cycloalkynes CnH2n-4, and aromatic hydrocarbons typically follow the formula CnHn (such as benzene, C6H6).

Step 2: For each compound, determine the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms present. This will help you match the compound to one or more of the hydrocarbon classifications based on the formulas provided in Step 1.

Step 3: Analyze the structure of each compound to identify any rings or multiple bonds. Cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, and cycloalkynes will have ring structures, while alkenes and alkynes will have double and triple bonds, respectively. Aromatic hydrocarbons will have a distinct ring structure with alternating double bonds.

Step 4: Draw the Lewis structure for each compound. Start by arranging the carbon atoms in the appropriate structure (linear, cyclic, etc.), then add hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valency of carbon (four bonds per carbon atom). Ensure that all atoms have complete valence shells.

Step 5: Verify the classification by checking the drawn Lewis structure against the characteristics of each hydrocarbon type. Ensure that the structure matches the expected formula and bonding patterns for the classification(s) identified.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrocarbon Classification

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. They can be classified based on the types of bonds between carbon atoms: alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have at least one double bond, and alkynes have at least one triple bond. Cyclic hydrocarbons form rings, and aromatic hydrocarbons contain conjugated ring systems with delocalized electrons, like benzene.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of electrons, showing how atoms are bonded and the presence of any non-bonding electron pairs. Drawing Lewis structures involves identifying valence electrons and arranging them to satisfy the octet rule.

Functional Groups in Hydrocarbons

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In hydrocarbons, functional groups include alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic rings, which determine the molecule's reactivity and properties. Recognizing these groups is essential for classifying hydrocarbons and predicting their behavior in chemical reactions.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:

(a) CH₃CH₂CONHCH₃

(b) (CH₃CH₂)₂NH

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds. The possible classifications are as follows:

alcohol

ether

ketone

aldehyde

carboxylic acid

alkene

(f)

(g)

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds. The possible classifications are as follows: alcohol ether ketone aldehyde carboxylic acid alkene

(d) CH₃CH₂OCHCH₂

(e)

Textbook Question

Classify the following hydrocarbons, and draw a Lewis structure for each one. A compound may fit into more than one of the following classifications:

alkane

alkene

alkyne

cycloalkane

cycloalkene

cycloalkyne

aromatic

hydrocarbon