Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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4:28 minutes

Problem 25f,g

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds. The possible classifications are as follows:
alcohol
ether
ketone
aldehyde
carboxylic acid
alkene
(f)
(g)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional groups present in each compound. Look for characteristic groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) for alcohols, carbonyl (C=O) for ketones and aldehydes, and carboxyl (-COOH) for carboxylic acids.

For compound f, determine the presence of any double bonds between carbon atoms, which would indicate an alkene. If a hydroxyl group is attached to a saturated carbon, it is an alcohol.

For compound g, check for an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms, which would classify it as an ether. If there is a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, it is an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, it is a ketone.

Draw the Lewis structure for each compound by arranging the atoms to satisfy the octet rule, ensuring that each atom (except hydrogen) is surrounded by eight electrons. Use single or double bonds as necessary.

Classify each compound based on the identified functional groups and the drawn Lewis structures. Assign the correct classification from the given options: alcohol, ether, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, or alkene.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for visualizing the arrangement of atoms, the distribution of electrons, and the types of bonds (single, double, or triple) in a molecule. Understanding Lewis structures helps in predicting the geometry, reactivity, and properties of the compound.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and chemical reactivity. They are the key to classifying organic compounds, such as alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alkenes. Recognizing these groups in a Lewis structure allows for the identification and classification of the compound based on its functional group.

Classification of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are classified based on their functional groups, which determine their chemical behavior and properties. For example, alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH), ethers have an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups, and alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds. Understanding these classifications helps in predicting the compound's reactivity and potential applications.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Circle the functional groups in the following structures. State to which class (or classes) of compounds the structure belongs.

(g)

(h)

(i)

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:

(e) (CH₃CH₂)₂O

(f) CH₃CH₂CH₂CN

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:

(d) CH₃CHCHCOCl

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds:

(a) CH₃CH₂CONHCH₃

(b) (CH₃CH₂)₂NH

Textbook Question

Draw a Lewis structure, and classify each of the following compounds. The possible classifications are as follows: alcohol ether ketone aldehyde carboxylic acid alkene

(d) CH₃CH₂OCHCH₂

(e)

Textbook Question

Classify the following hydrocarbons, and draw a Lewis structure for each one. A compound may fit into more than one of the following classifications:

alkane

alkene

alkyne

cycloalkane

cycloalkene

cycloalkyne

aromatic

hydrocarbon