Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Cycloalkanes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Cycloalkanes

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6:37 minutes

Problem 15a,b,c

Textbook Question

Give IUPAC names for the following compounds.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the longest carbon chain in each compound, as this will form the base name of the compound. Count the number of carbon atoms in this chain to determine the root name (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.).

Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent encountered. This ensures that the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.

Identify and name all substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Common substituents include alkyl groups like methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., and halogens like chloro, bromo, iodo, etc.

Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the main chain. If there are multiple identical substituents, use prefixes such as di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., to indicate their quantity.

Combine the elements of the name into a single IUPAC name: start with the substituents in alphabetical order, followed by the base name of the compound. Ensure that the substituents are prefixed with their respective numbers, separated by hyphens, and commas are used to separate numbers.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, ensuring that each compound has a unique and universally accepted name. The process involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain, and naming substituents.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In IUPAC naming, identifying the functional group is crucial as it often determines the suffix or prefix of the compound's name. Common functional groups include alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids, each with specific naming rules.

Substituents and Locants

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. In IUPAC nomenclature, substituents are named and numbered (locants) to indicate their position on the main carbon chain. The locants are chosen to give the lowest possible numbers to the substituents, ensuring clarity and consistency in the compound's name.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Name the following cycloalkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Hint: Each molecule exemplifies one of the cycloalkane nomenclature rules in Table 3.10.]

(a) rule 1

Textbook Question

Name the following cycloalkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Hint: Each molecule exemplifies one of the cycloalkane nomenclature rules in Table 3.10.]

Textbook Question

Name the following cycloalkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Hint: Each molecule exemplifies one of the cycloalkane nomenclature rules in Table 3.10.]

(e) rule 3

Textbook Question

Name the following cycloalkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Hint: Each molecule exemplifies one of the cycloalkane nomenclature rules in Table 3.10.]

(g) rule 4

Textbook Question

Classify each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

c. 2-methylbutane

d. cyclohexane

Textbook Question

Classify each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

e. norbornane (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane)

Textbook Question

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(d)

Textbook Question

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(e)

(f)

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