Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

Organic Chemistry

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

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2:41 minutes

Problem 4

Textbook Question

The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with methanol(CH3)3C—Cl Tert-butylchloride + CH3—OH methanol —> (CH3)C—OCH3 methyltert-butylether + HCl is found to follow the rate equation rate= Kr[(CH3)3C—Cl] c. What is the kinetic order overall?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the rate equation given in the problem: rate = Kr[(CH3)3C—Cl].

Determine the order of reaction with respect to each reactant.

Notice that the rate equation only includes the concentration of tert-butyl chloride, [(CH3)3C—Cl].

Conclude that the reaction is first order with respect to tert-butyl chloride.

Since methanol does not appear in the rate equation, it is zero order with respect to methanol, making the overall kinetic order of the reaction first order.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Kinetics

Kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect these rates. It involves understanding how the concentration of reactants influences the speed of a reaction, which is often expressed through rate equations. In this case, the rate equation indicates that the reaction rate depends solely on the concentration of tert-butyl chloride.

Rate Equation

A rate equation describes the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. The general form includes a rate constant and the concentrations raised to a power, which reflects the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant. For the given reaction, the rate equation shows that the reaction is first-order with respect to tert-butyl chloride.

Kinetic Order

Kinetic order refers to the sum of the powers of the concentration terms in the rate equation, indicating how the rate of reaction changes with varying concentrations of reactants. In this case, since the rate equation is first-order in tert-butyl chloride and has no other reactants affecting the rate, the overall kinetic order of the reaction is one.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with methanol

is found to follow the rate equation

rate = k_r[(CH₃)₃C—Cl]

a. What is the kinetic order with respect to tert-butyl chloride?

Textbook Question

The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with methanol(CH3)3C—Cl Tert-butylchloride + CH3—OH methanol —> (CH3)C—OCH3 methyltert-butylether + HCl is found to follow the rate equation rate= Kt[(CH3)3C—Cl] a. What is the kinetic order with respect to tert-butyl chloride?

Textbook Question

Chapter 5 taught us that chemical reactions are random collisions. Experimentally, how can we make molecules collide more often?

Textbook Question

The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with methanol

is found to follow the rate equation

rate = k_r[(CH₃)₃C—Cl]

c. What is the kinetic order overall

Textbook Question

Under certain conditions, the bromination of cyclohexene follows an unusual rate law:

a. What is the kinetic order with respect to cyclohexene?

Textbook Question

The molecule A undergoes a three-step reaction to make B, where the first step is rate determining. Conversely, C can be produced by A in a two-step reaction where the second step is rate determining. Show a reaction coordinate diagram for each reaction, making it clear that the reaction to make C is faster than the reaction to make B.

Textbook Question

Under certain conditions, the bromination of cyclohexene follows an unusual rate law:

b. What is the kinetic order with respect to bromine?

Textbook Question

How will the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected if the following changes in concentration are made?

b. The concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed.

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