Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Aldehydes

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Aldehydes

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3:40 minutes

Problem 38h

Textbook Question

Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.
(h) Ph–CH=CH–CHO

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional group in the compound. The compound contains an aldehyde group (-CHO), which is a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom. Aldehydes are named with the suffix '-al' in IUPAC nomenclature.

Step 2: Analyze the structure of the compound. The molecule has a phenyl group (Ph-) attached to a carbon-carbon double bond (CH=CH), which is further connected to the aldehyde group (-CHO).

Step 3: Determine the parent chain. The parent chain is the longest continuous chain containing the aldehyde group. In this case, the chain includes the double bond and the aldehyde group.

Step 4: Assign the IUPAC name. The aldehyde group takes priority in numbering, so the carbon of the aldehyde group is assigned position 1. The double bond is located between carbons 2 and 3. The phenyl group is attached to carbon 3. Combine these elements to form the IUPAC name.

Step 5: Provide the common name. For aldehydes, common names are often derived from the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid. In this case, the compound can be named based on its structure and substituents. The phenyl group and the double bond influence the common name.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of ketones and aldehydes, the carbonyl group (C=O) is the defining feature. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it within the chain.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds according to established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming organic compounds, including the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of functional groups, and the use of prefixes and suffixes to indicate the type of compound.

Common vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are traditional names that may not follow systematic rules, while IUPAC names are standardized and provide a clear description of the compound's structure. For example, the compound Ph-CH=CH-CHO can be named 'cinnamaldehyde' as a common name and '3-phenylprop-2-al' as its IUPAC name, reflecting its structure and functional groups.

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