Textbook Question
What are the systematic names of the following compounds? Indicate the configuration (R or S) of each asymmetric center.
b. D-mannose
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition
Naming Aldehydes
3:40 minutesProblem 38h
Textbook Question
Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.
(h) Ph–CH=CH–CHO
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the functional group in the compound. The compound contains an aldehyde group (-CHO), which is a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom. Aldehydes are named with the suffix '-al' in IUPAC nomenclature.
Step 2: Analyze the structure of the compound. The molecule has a phenyl group (Ph-) attached to a carbon-carbon double bond (CH=CH), which is further connected to the aldehyde group (-CHO).
Step 3: Determine the parent chain. The parent chain is the longest continuous chain containing the aldehyde group. In this case, the chain includes the double bond and the aldehyde group.
Step 4: Assign the IUPAC name. The aldehyde group takes priority in numbering, so the carbon of the aldehyde group is assigned position 1. The double bond is located between carbons 2 and 3. The phenyl group is attached to carbon 3. Combine these elements to form the IUPAC name.
Step 5: Provide the common name. For aldehydes, common names are often derived from the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid. In this case, the compound can be named based on its structure and substituents. The phenyl group and the double bond influence the common name.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of ketones and aldehydes, the carbonyl group (C=O) is the defining feature. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it within the chain.
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Nomenclature
Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds according to established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming organic compounds, including the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of functional groups, and the use of prefixes and suffixes to indicate the type of compound.
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Common vs. IUPAC Names
Common names are traditional names that may not follow systematic rules, while IUPAC names are standardized and provide a clear description of the compound's structure. For example, the compound Ph-CH=CH-CHO can be named 'cinnamaldehyde' as a common name and '3-phenylprop-2-al' as its IUPAC name, reflecting its structure and functional groups.
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