Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Aldehydes

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Aldehydes

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1:20 minutes

Problem 1b

Textbook Question

Give the IUPAC name and (if possible) a common name for each compound.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional group in the compound. The compound contains an aldehyde group (-CHO), which is a key functional group for naming.

Step 2: Determine the longest carbon chain that includes the aldehyde group. In this case, the chain has four carbons, making the parent name 'butanal'.

Step 3: Identify and name the substituents attached to the main chain. There is a phenyl group (Ph) attached to the second carbon and a methyl group (CH₃) attached to the first carbon.

Step 4: Assign locants (numbers) to the substituents based on the position of the aldehyde group, which is always at position 1. The phenyl group is at position 2, and the methyl group is at position 1.

Step 5: Combine the substituent names with the parent name, arranging them alphabetically and including the locants. The IUPAC name is 2-phenyl-1-methylbutanal.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining the functional groups present, and assigning locants to indicate the position of substituents. For the compound in the image, the longest chain includes the aldehyde functional group, which influences the naming convention.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the provided structure, the aldehyde group (-CHO) is a key functional group that defines the compound's reactivity and properties, making it essential for determining the IUPAC name.

Common Names vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are traditional names used for compounds that may not follow systematic naming rules, while IUPAC names are standardized and provide a clear description of the molecular structure. For many organic compounds, including those with functional groups like aldehydes, both names can be used, but the IUPAC name is preferred for clarity and consistency in scientific communication.