Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

Organic Chemistry

6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Energy Diagram

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2:53 minutes

Problem 34

Textbook Question

The rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction of two molecules of glycine ethyl ester to form glycylglycine ethyl ester is 0.6 M^-1 s^-1. In the presence of Co²⁺, the rate constant is 1.5 × 10⁶ M^-1 s^-1. What rate enhancement does the catalyst provide?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the problem: The question asks for the rate enhancement provided by the catalyst. This is calculated by comparing the rate constant of the catalyzed reaction to the rate constant of the uncatalyzed reaction.

Identify the given values: The rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction is k₁ = 0.6 M⁻¹s⁻¹, and the rate constant for the catalyzed reaction is k₂ = 1.5 × 10⁶ M⁻¹s⁻¹.

Set up the formula for rate enhancement: Rate enhancement is defined as the ratio of the catalyzed rate constant to the uncatalyzed rate constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

\frac{k₂}{k₁}

Substitute the given values into the formula: Replace k₁ and k₂ with their respective values in the formula:

\frac{1.5}{\times} 0.6

Simplify the expression to find the rate enhancement: Perform the division to calculate the ratio, which will give the magnitude of the rate enhancement provided by the catalyst.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Rate Constant

The rate constant (k) is a proportionality factor in the rate equation of a chemical reaction, indicating the speed at which reactants are converted to products. It is specific to a given reaction at a particular temperature and is influenced by factors such as concentration and the presence of catalysts. In this question, the rate constants for both the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions are provided, which are essential for calculating the rate enhancement.

Catalysis

Catalysis is the process by which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by the presence of a catalyst, which is a substance that is not consumed in the reaction. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly. In this scenario, Co2+ acts as a catalyst, significantly increasing the rate constant from 0.6 M - 1s - 1 to 1.5 * 10^6 M - 1s - 1.

Rate Enhancement

Rate enhancement refers to the factor by which a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. It is calculated by dividing the rate constant of the catalyzed reaction by that of the uncatalyzed reaction. In this case, the rate enhancement can be determined by taking the ratio of the two given rate constants, illustrating the effectiveness of the catalyst in accelerating the reaction.

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Textbook Question

From the Arrhenius equation, predict how

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Textbook Question

Consider the following reaction-energy diagram.

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The rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction of two molecules of glycine ethyl ester to form glycylglycine ethyl ester is 0.6 M-1 s-1. In the presence of Co2+, the rate constant is 1.5 × 106 M-1 s-1. What rate enhancement does the catalyst provide?

Key Concepts

Rate Constant

Catalysis

Rate Enhancement

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The rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction of two molecules of glycine ethyl ester to form glycylglycine ethyl ester is 0.6 M^-1 s^-1. In the presence of Co²⁺, the rate constant is 1.5 × 10⁶ M^-1 s^-1. What rate enhancement does the catalyst provide?