Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

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4:10 minutes

Problem 37g,h

Textbook Question

Draw complete Lewis structures, including lone pairs, for the following compounds.
(g)
(h)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional groups in each compound. For compound (g), recognize the benzene ring and the sulfonic acid group (SO3H). For compound (h), identify the cyclic anhydride structure and the methoxy group (OCH3).

For compound (g), draw the benzene ring as a hexagon with alternating double bonds. Attach the sulfonic acid group to the benzene ring. The sulfur atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms, one of which is also bonded to a hydrogen atom. Include lone pairs on the oxygen atoms.

For compound (h), draw the five-membered ring with two carbonyl groups (C=O) adjacent to each other. Attach the methoxy group (OCH3) to the carbonyl carbon. Ensure to include lone pairs on the oxygen atoms.

Add lone pairs to all oxygen atoms in both compounds. Each oxygen atom should have two lone pairs, except for the oxygen in the hydroxyl group of the sulfonic acid, which will have one lone pair due to the hydrogen bond.

Verify that all atoms satisfy the octet rule where applicable, and ensure that the formal charges are minimized across the structures. Adjust any bonds or lone pairs if necessary to achieve this.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for visualizing the arrangement of atoms, the distribution of electrons, and the connectivity within a molecule. In drawing Lewis structures, it is crucial to account for all valence electrons and to satisfy the octet rule for each atom, where applicable.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and reactivity. In the given compounds, the sulfonic acid group (SO3H) and the methoxy group (OCH3) are functional groups that influence the chemical behavior of the molecules. Recognizing these groups helps in predicting the reactivity and interactions of the compounds in chemical reactions.

Aromaticity and Resonance

Aromaticity refers to the increased stability of certain cyclic, planar molecules due to the delocalization of electrons in conjugated pi systems, as seen in benzene rings. Resonance involves the depiction of a molecule by two or more valid Lewis structures, which represent the delocalization of electrons. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurately drawing and interpreting the structure of aromatic compounds like the benzene derivative in the question.

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