Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

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4:58 minutes

Problem 12a,b

Textbook Question

Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.
(a)
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the line-angle structure: The first image shows a six-membered ring with a nitrogen atom and a methyl group attached. The second image shows a five-membered ring with an oxygen atom and a tert-butyl group attached.

Convert the line-angle structure to a Lewis structure: For the first image, draw a six-membered ring with alternating single bonds. Place a nitrogen atom in one of the positions and add a hydrogen atom to it. Attach a methyl group (CH₃) to the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen. For the second image, draw a five-membered ring with an oxygen atom in one of the positions. Attach a tert-butyl group (C(CH₃)₃) to the carbon adjacent to the oxygen.

Add hydrogen atoms: For each carbon atom in the ring, add enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the tetravalency of carbon. Remember that each line in the line-angle structure represents a bond, and each carbon should have four bonds in total.

Determine the molecular formula: Count the number of each type of atom in the Lewis structure. For the first structure, count the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms. For the second structure, count the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Write the molecular formula: For the first structure, write the molecular formula in the form CₓHᵧNₓ. For the second structure, write the molecular formula in the form CₓHᵧOₓ, where x, y, and z are the number of each type of atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to represent electrons and lines to represent bonds between atoms. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and predicting reactivity.

Line-Angle Structures

Line-angle structures, also known as skeletal structures, are a shorthand way of drawing organic molecules. In these diagrams, vertices represent carbon atoms, and lines represent bonds. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are usually omitted for simplicity, making it easier to visualize complex organic compounds quickly.

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula indicates the number and type of atoms in a molecule, providing a concise representation of its composition. It is essential for understanding the molecular structure and stoichiometry of a compound. For example, the molecular formula C6H11N corresponds to a compound with six carbon atoms, eleven hydrogen atoms, and one nitrogen atom.

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