Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Lewis Structure

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5:09 minutes

Problem 12g,h

Textbook Question

Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.
(g)
(h)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the line-angle structure. In organic chemistry, line-angle structures are a simplified way to represent molecules. Each vertex or end of a line represents a carbon atom, and lines represent bonds between atoms. Hydrogen atoms are usually not shown explicitly unless they are bonded to atoms other than carbon.

Step 2: Identify the carbon skeleton. Count the number of vertices and lines to determine the number of carbon atoms and the connectivity between them. This will help you establish the basic framework of the molecule.

Step 3: Add hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom forms four bonds. If a carbon atom is bonded to fewer than four atoms in the line-angle structure, add hydrogen atoms to complete its valency. Remember that hydrogen atoms are often implied in these structures.

Step 4: Consider other atoms or groups. If the line-angle structure includes atoms other than carbon and hydrogen (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or halogens), ensure they are correctly represented in the Lewis structure with their respective valencies satisfied.

Step 5: Write the molecular formula. Once the Lewis structure is complete, count the number of each type of atom present in the molecule to write the molecular formula. This formula should reflect the total number of each atom type in the structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for visualizing the arrangement of electrons around atoms, which helps in predicting the molecule's shape, reactivity, and properties. Each line represents a pair of shared electrons, while dots represent lone pairs.

Line-Angle Structures

Line-angle structures, also known as skeletal structures, are a simplified representation of organic molecules where lines represent chemical bonds and vertices represent carbon atoms. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are usually omitted for simplicity. Understanding these structures is crucial for converting them into more detailed representations like Lewis structures.

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula indicates the number and type of atoms present in a molecule. It provides a concise way to convey the composition of a compound, such as C6H12O6 for glucose. Determining the molecular formula from a structure involves counting the number of each type of atom present in the molecule, which is essential for understanding its chemical identity.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw complete Lewis structures, including lone pairs, for the following compounds.

(g)

(h)

Textbook Question

Draw complete Lewis structures, including lone pairs, for the following compounds.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Textbook Question

Both PCl₃ and PCl₅ are stable compounds. Draw Lewis structures for these two compounds.

Textbook Question

Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.

(e)

(f)

Textbook Question

Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds.

e. dimethylamine, CH₃NHCH₃

f. diethyl ether, CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃

g. 1-chloropropane,CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl

Textbook Question

Draw Lewis structures for

a. two compounds of formula C₄H₁₀

b. two compounds of formula C₂H₆O

Textbook Question

Cyclopropane (C₃H₆, a three-membered ring) is more reactive than most other cycloalkanes.

a. Draw a Lewis structure for cyclopropane.

b. Compare the bond angles of the carbon atoms in cyclopropane with those in an acyclic (noncyclic) alkane.

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds and ions,

1. Draw a Lewis structure.

2. Show the kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond.

3. Give approximate bond angles around each atom except hydrogen.

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Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.(g) (h)

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Line-Angle Structures

Molecular Formula

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Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.
(g)
(h)