Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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4:16 minutes

Problem 11

Textbook Question

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds?
a.
b.
c.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the planar double-bond system in each compound. A planar double-bond system typically involves conjugated double bonds or aromatic systems where the π-electrons are delocalized across the structure.

Step 2: For compound A, observe the conjugated double bonds in the five-membered ring. Count the carbons directly involved in the double bonds and any adjacent carbons that contribute to the conjugation.

Step 3: For compound B, examine the five-membered ring with double bonds. Similar to compound A, count the carbons involved in the double bonds and any adjacent carbons that are part of the conjugated system.

Step 4: For compound C, analyze the fused ring system. Identify the aromatic ring and the conjugated double bonds in the structure. Count the carbons that are part of the planar conjugated system.

Step 5: Summarize the number of carbons in the planar double-bond system for each compound based on the observations from Steps 2, 3, and 4.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Planar Double-Bond System

A planar double-bond system refers to a configuration in which atoms involved in double bonds lie in the same plane, allowing for effective overlap of p-orbitals. This arrangement is crucial for understanding the geometry and reactivity of organic compounds, as it influences molecular shape and the potential for stereoisomerism.

Counting Carbons in Organic Structures

Counting carbons in organic structures involves identifying each carbon atom in a molecular diagram. In the context of double-bond systems, it is essential to recognize how many carbon atoms are directly involved in the double bonds, as this affects the compound's properties and classification.

Cyclic Compounds

Cyclic compounds are organic molecules that contain a ring structure. The presence of double bonds within these rings can significantly affect their stability and reactivity. Understanding the nature of cyclic compounds is vital for analyzing their chemical behavior and determining the number of carbons in their double-bond systems.

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Textbook Question

When we begin studying reactive intermediates, the designation of substitution will be especially important. Label the following carbocations as 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4° or based on the carbon bearing the positive charge.

(b)

Textbook Question

Classify each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

c. 2-methylbutane

d. cyclohexane

Textbook Question

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(e)

(f)

Textbook Question

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).

(d)

Textbook Question

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in the following compound?

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Label each sulfhydryl group as primary (1°) secondary (2°) , or tertiary (3°)

Textbook Question

Identify the substitution of carbons (a)–(d) comprising the ether functional group in the following molecules.

Textbook Question

Label each hydroxyl group in Assessment 13.6 as primary (1°) secondary (2°) , or tertiary (3°)

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How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds? a. b. c.

Key Concepts

Planar Double-Bond System

Counting Carbons in Organic Structures

Cyclic Compounds

Watch next

How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds?
a.
b.
c.