Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry reactions, what is the role of electrons as they move along the electron transport chain?

They are used to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

They are used to break down glucose into pyruvate.

They are used to catalyze the hydrolysis of esters.

They are used to form covalent bonds in organic molecules.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

Identify the primary function of the ETC: In cellular respiration, the ETC is crucial for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.

Recognize the role of electrons: As electrons move through the ETC, they release energy. This energy is used to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.

Connect the proton gradient to ATP synthesis: The proton gradient created by the movement of electrons is used by ATP synthase to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP, a process known as chemiosmosis.

Clarify the options: The correct role of electrons in the ETC is related to ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, not breaking down glucose, catalyzing hydrolysis of esters, or forming covalent bonds in organic molecules.