Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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2:51 minutes

Problem 45i

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
i. m-chlorobenzoic acid

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid consists of a benzene ring (a six-membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds) attached to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).

Step 2: Recognize the meaning of the prefix 'm-' (meta). In aromatic chemistry, 'meta' indicates that the substituents on the benzene ring are separated by one carbon atom. This means the substituents are located at positions 1 and 3 on the benzene ring.

Step 3: Identify the substituents. In this case, the substituents are a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and a chlorine atom (-Cl). The carboxylic acid group is always assigned position 1 on the benzene ring.

Step 4: Place the chlorine atom at the meta position relative to the carboxylic acid group. This means the chlorine atom will be attached to position 3 of the benzene ring.

Step 5: Draw the final structure. Start with a benzene ring, attach the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) to position 1, and attach the chlorine atom (-Cl) to position 3. Ensure the structure reflects the correct meta relationship between the substituents.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are a class of cyclic compounds that follow Huckel's rule, which states that they must have a planar structure with a specific number of pi electrons (4n + 2). These compounds exhibit unique stability due to resonance, making them distinct from aliphatic compounds. Understanding the structure of aromatic compounds is essential for drawing and interpreting their chemical structures.

Substituent Effects

Substituent effects refer to how different groups attached to a benzene ring influence its reactivity and the positions where new substituents can be added. In the case of m-chlorobenzoic acid, the 'm-' indicates that the chlorine atom is in the meta position relative to the carboxylic acid group. Recognizing these effects is crucial for accurately depicting the structure and understanding the compound's chemical behavior.

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH). This functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of these compounds, as it can donate a proton (H+) in solution. In m-chlorobenzoic acid, the carboxylic acid group is directly attached to the benzene ring, influencing both the compound's structure and its reactivity in organic reactions.

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