Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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4:41 minutes

Problem 43d

Textbook Question

Name the following:
d.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the parent structure. The parent structure is a benzene ring, which is an aromatic compound.

Step 2: Determine the substituents attached to the benzene ring. There are two substituents: a nitro group (-NO₂) and an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃).

Step 3: Assign positions to the substituents on the benzene ring. The nitro group is at position 1 (default starting point for naming), and the ethyl group is at position 2 relative to the nitro group.

Step 4: Name the substituents and combine them with the parent structure. The nitro group is named 'nitro,' and the ethyl group is named 'ethyl.' The positions are indicated numerically.

Step 5: Combine the names of the substituents with the parent structure in alphabetical order, ensuring the positions are included. The final name will follow IUPAC nomenclature rules.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Benzene Ring Structure

The benzene ring is a fundamental structure in organic chemistry, characterized by its six carbon atoms arranged in a planar hexagonal ring with alternating double bonds. This resonance structure allows for delocalization of electrons, contributing to the stability and unique reactivity of aromatic compounds. Understanding the properties of benzene is crucial for naming and identifying derivatives.

Substituent Nomenclature

In organic chemistry, substituents are atoms or groups that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. The naming of compounds involves identifying the main chain and the substituents attached to it. For example, in nitrobenzene, the nitro group (NO2) is a substituent on the benzene ring, and its position relative to other groups is essential for proper nomenclature.

IUPAC Naming Conventions

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides systematic rules for naming chemical compounds. For aromatic compounds like nitrobenzene, the IUPAC name is derived from the parent hydrocarbon (benzene) with the substituent (nitro) indicated. The position of the substituent is specified using numbers based on the carbon atoms in the ring, ensuring clarity and consistency in chemical communication.

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