Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

28. Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

Organic Chemistry

28. Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide

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3:46 minutes

Problem 33b

Textbook Question

Refer to Figure 20.5 to answer the following questions: b. People with type AB blood can receive blood from anyone, but they cannot give blood to everyone. To whom can they not give blood?

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of blood type compatibility: Blood type compatibility is determined by the presence or absence of antigens (A and B) on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma. Type AB blood has both A and B antigens but no antibodies against A or B antigens.

Recall the universal recipient and donor concept: People with type AB blood are universal recipients because they lack antibodies against A or B antigens, allowing them to receive blood from all types. However, they are not universal donors because their blood contains both A and B antigens, which can trigger an immune response in individuals with other blood types.

Analyze the compatibility for donating blood: Type AB blood can only be safely donated to individuals who also have type AB blood, as these recipients already have both A and B antigens and will not produce an immune response.

Identify the blood types to which AB cannot donate: Type AB blood cannot be donated to individuals with type O, type A, or type B blood because these recipients have antibodies against antigens that are present in AB blood.

Summarize the answer: People with type AB blood cannot give blood to individuals with type O, type A, or type B blood due to the presence of antibodies in the recipient's plasma that would react with the A and/or B antigens in the donor's blood.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Blood Type Compatibility

Blood type compatibility is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Type AB blood has both A and B antigens, making it a universal recipient, as it can accept blood from any type. However, it lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which means it can only donate to individuals with AB blood type.

ABO Blood Group System

The ABO blood group system classifies blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence of A and B antigens. Type AB blood contains both antigens, allowing individuals with this blood type to receive blood from all other types. However, they can only donate to other AB individuals due to the presence of both antigens, which could trigger an immune response in those with A or B blood types.

Transfusion Reactions

Transfusion reactions occur when the immune system of a recipient identifies transfused blood as foreign due to incompatible antigens. For individuals with type AB blood, receiving blood from any type is safe, but donating to A or B types can cause severe reactions. This is because the recipient's immune system may attack the foreign antigens present in the AB blood, leading to potentially life-threatening complications.

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