Show how free-radical halogenation might be used to synthesize the following ­compounds. In each case, explain why we expect to get a single major product.
(c)

Free-radical halogenation is a reaction where alkanes react with halogens (like bromine) in the presence of heat or light to form alkyl halides. This process involves the generation of free radicals, which are highly reactive species that can initiate a chain reaction. The reaction typically proceeds through three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination, leading to the substitution of hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.

Selectivity in free-radical reactions refers to the preference for the formation of certain products over others. In the case of halogenation, the stability of the resulting radical intermediates plays a crucial role. More stable radicals (like tertiary radicals) are formed preferentially, leading to a single major product when the structure allows for minimal competition among possible sites for substitution.

The stability of radicals is a key factor in determining the outcome of free-radical reactions. Radicals can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the unpaired electron. Tertiary radicals are the most stable due to hyperconjugation and inductive effects from adjacent carbon atoms, which influences the selectivity of the halogenation process and explains why a single major product is expected.