Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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3:53 minutes

Problem 15k

Textbook Question

Name the following alkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Each molecule exemplifies one of the nomenclature rules in Tables 3.7 and 3.8.]
(k) rule 6

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. This chain will serve as the parent chain, and its length determines the base name of the alkane (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.).

Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent group. This ensures the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.

Identify and name all substituent groups attached to the parent chain. Substituents are named based on the number of carbon atoms they contain (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.).

Combine the names of the substituents with the parent chain name. Use prefixes to indicate the number of identical substituents (e.g., di-, tri-, tetra-) and place the substituent names in alphabetical order. Include the position numbers of the substituents before their names.

Ensure the name follows IUPAC Rule 6, which states that if two chains of equal length are present, choose the chain with the greater number of substituents as the parent chain. Double-check the numbering and naming for accuracy.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. It establishes rules to ensure that each compound has a unique and descriptive name, which reflects its structure. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating about organic molecules.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms and the general formula CnH2n+2. Their structure can be linear or branched, and recognizing the arrangement of carbon atoms is crucial for proper nomenclature. The number of carbon atoms and their connectivity directly influence the name assigned to the alkane.

Nomenclature Rules

The IUPAC nomenclature rules include guidelines for identifying the longest carbon chain, naming substituents, and numbering the carbon atoms to give the lowest possible numbers to substituents. Rule 6 specifically addresses the naming of branched alkanes, emphasizing the importance of identifying the main chain and correctly labeling side groups. Mastery of these rules is vital for accurately naming organic compounds.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:

g. 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)heptane

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.]

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.]

(d) 4-butyldecane

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.]

(b) 1,5-dimethylcyclohexane

Textbook Question

Name the following alkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Each molecule exemplifies one of the nomenclature rules in Tables 3.7 and 3.8.]

(n) rule 7

Textbook Question

(•••) Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.](a) 4-methylhexane

Textbook Question

What is each compound's systematic name?

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:

c. 4,4-diethyldecane

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