Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

Organic Chemistry

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

ATP and Energy

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Multiple Choice

How does cyanide poisoning result in the decrease of ATP production?

Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, preventing ATP synthesis.

Cyanide directly binds to ATP synthase, blocking ATP production.

Cyanide enhances glycolysis, which reduces the need for ATP production in mitochondria.

Cyanide increases the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane, leading to ATP leakage.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in ATP production: The ETC is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions. This process creates a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

Identify the function of cytochrome c oxidase: Cytochrome c oxidase is the last enzyme in the electron transport chain. It facilitates the transfer of electrons to oxygen, the final electron acceptor, and helps maintain the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis.

Examine how cyanide affects cytochrome c oxidase: Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase. By binding to the heme group of this enzyme, cyanide prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen, effectively halting the electron transport chain.

Analyze the impact on ATP production: With the electron transport chain inhibited, the proton gradient cannot be maintained. As a result, ATP synthase cannot function properly, leading to a significant decrease in ATP production.

Consider the incorrect options: Cyanide does not directly bind to ATP synthase, nor does it enhance glycolysis or increase mitochondrial membrane permeability. Its primary action is the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, which disrupts the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis.