Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry

2. Molecular Representations

Functional Groups

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Multiple Choice

Why does carbon play an important role in building the molecules of life?

Carbon atoms are larger than most other atoms, providing stability to molecules.

Carbon is the most electronegative element, making it highly reactive.

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse and complex molecules.

Carbon can only form single bonds, which makes it very stable.

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Verified step by step guidance

Carbon is unique in its ability to form four covalent bonds due to having four electrons in its outer shell, which allows it to achieve a full octet by sharing electrons with other atoms.

This tetravalency enables carbon to form a wide variety of stable and complex structures, including chains, rings, and branches, which are essential for the diversity of organic molecules.

Carbon's ability to form double and triple bonds, in addition to single bonds, further increases the complexity and variety of organic compounds.

The versatility of carbon bonding is crucial for the formation of large biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are fundamental to life.

Carbon's relatively small size allows it to form strong covalent bonds with other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other carbon atoms, contributing to the stability and functionality of biological molecules.