Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

16. Conjugated Systems

Conjugation Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

16. Conjugated Systems

Conjugation Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

What does it mean for a molecule or intermediate to be conjugated?

Three or more consecutive atoms containing p orbitals.

One alkene and at least one more alkene, carbonyl, or cation in the same molecule.

At least two alkenes separated by one single bond.

Every atom in the molecule is part of an alkene.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of conjugation: Conjugation in organic chemistry refers to the overlap of p orbitals across adjacent atoms, allowing for the delocalization of π electrons across these atoms.

Identify the structural requirement for conjugation: For a molecule to be conjugated, it must have a sequence of three or more consecutive atoms that each have a p orbital. This allows for the overlap and delocalization of π electrons.

Recognize the types of systems that can be conjugated: Conjugated systems often involve alternating single and multiple bonds, such as alkenes, carbonyls, or cations, which can participate in π electron delocalization.

Consider the arrangement of alkenes: In a conjugated system, at least two alkenes should be separated by a single bond, allowing for the p orbitals to overlap and electrons to be delocalized.

Evaluate the options: Based on the understanding of conjugation, determine which option correctly describes a conjugated system. Look for the presence of consecutive atoms with p orbitals and the possibility of π electron delocalization.