Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols

Naming Epoxides

Organic Chemistry

12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols

Naming Epoxides

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4:44 minutes

Problem 59

Textbook Question

Give two names for each of the following:

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Step 1: Analyze the structure in part (a). The molecule contains an ester functional group, which is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to another oxygen atom that is connected to an alkyl group. Identify the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom and the acyl group derived from the carboxylic acid.

Step 2: For part (a), determine the name of the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom. In this case, the group is ethyl (CH3CH2). Next, identify the acyl group, which is derived from the carboxylic acid. The acyl group contains a branched chain with a methyl substituent on the second carbon of the propyl chain.

Step 3: Assign the IUPAC name for part (a). Combine the name of the alkyl group (ethyl) with the name of the acyl group. The acyl group is named as 2-methylpropanoate. The full IUPAC name is ethyl 2-methylpropanoate.

Step 4: Assign the common name for part (a). The acyl group can also be named using the common name of the carboxylic acid it is derived from. In this case, the common name of the acid is isobutyric acid, so the ester is named ethyl isobutyrate.

Step 5: Repeat the process for part (b). Analyze the structure, identify the alkyl group (methyl) and the acyl group (propanoate). Assign the IUPAC name (methyl propanoate) and the common name (methyl propionate).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on established rules, primarily those set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Understanding nomenclature is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the structure of organic molecules, which can have multiple names based on different naming conventions.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that share the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. This concept is crucial for recognizing that a single molecular formula can correspond to multiple distinct compounds, each with unique properties and names, which is often the case in organic chemistry.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Identifying functional groups is key to understanding the behavior and reactivity of organic compounds, as they dictate how a compound will interact with other substances.

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