Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Preparation of Organometallics

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Preparation of Organometallics

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Multiple Choice

Why must polar protic solvent NOT be used in reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents?

The reagents are strong bases and will be quenched by polar protic solvents.

The boiling point of polar protic solvents are too low for the minimum required reaction temperature.

This statement is backward. Polar protic solvents MUST be used with Grignard and organolithium reagents.

The reagents are not soluble and will not dissolve in polar protic solvents.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of Grignard and organolithium reagents: These reagents are highly reactive and function as strong bases and nucleophiles.

Recognize the characteristics of polar protic solvents: These solvents have hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen, making them capable of hydrogen bonding.

Consider the interaction between Grignard/organolithium reagents and polar protic solvents: The hydrogen in polar protic solvents can react with the strong base nature of these reagents, leading to their quenching.

Analyze the solubility aspect: Grignard and organolithium reagents are typically not soluble in polar protic solvents due to their ionic nature and the solvent's hydrogen bonding network.

Conclude why polar protic solvents are unsuitable: The reactivity of Grignard and organolithium reagents with the hydrogen in polar protic solvents leads to their deactivation, making these solvents inappropriate for such reactions.