Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

Organic Chemistry

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

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Multiple Choice

Which PCR step causes the denaturation of double-stranded DNA?

Denaturation step

Extension step

Cooling step

Annealing step

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the PCR process: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify DNA. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to denature DNA, anneal primers, and extend the DNA strands.

Identify the purpose of each PCR step: The PCR process consists of three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension. Each step serves a specific purpose in the amplification of DNA.

Focus on the denaturation step: During the denaturation step, the reaction mixture is heated to a high temperature, typically around 94-98°C. This high temperature causes the hydrogen bonds between the double-stranded DNA to break, resulting in the separation of the two strands.

Compare the denaturation step with other steps: The annealing step involves cooling the mixture to allow primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA, while the extension step involves synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides. Neither of these steps causes the DNA strands to separate.

Conclude the role of the denaturation step: The denaturation step is crucial for the separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands, which is necessary for the subsequent steps of annealing and extension in the PCR process.