Textbook Question
Why are lower molecular weight alcohols more soluble in water than higher molecular weight alcohols?
2. Molecular Representations
How To Determine Solubility
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Which of the following substances is considered hydrophobic?
A
Hexane
B
Ethanol
C
Acetic acid
D
Water
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of hydrophobicity: Hydrophobic substances are those that do not mix well with water. They are typically nonpolar and do not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Identify the polarity of each substance: Polar substances tend to be hydrophilic (water-loving), while nonpolar substances are hydrophobic (water-fearing).
Analyze the molecular structure of hexane: Hexane is a hydrocarbon with the formula \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{14} \). It is a nonpolar molecule because it consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which share electrons equally.
Compare the structures of ethanol, acetic acid, and water: Ethanol (\( \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \)) and acetic acid (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \)) both have polar functional groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl, respectively) that can form hydrogen bonds with water, making them hydrophilic. Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)) is also polar and hydrophilic.
Conclude that hexane is the hydrophobic substance: Since hexane is nonpolar and does not interact favorably with water, it is considered hydrophobic compared to the other substances listed.
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