Multiple Choice
Which of the following organic chemistry reactions involves the physical contact between two bacterial cells for DNA transfer?
3. Acids and Bases
Organic Chemistry Reactions
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In the context of organic chemistry reactions, how do base analogs lead to mutations?
A
By directly breaking the phosphodiester bonds in DNA.
B
By incorporating into DNA and pairing incorrectly during replication.
C
By inhibiting DNA polymerase activity.
D
By causing the formation of thymine dimers.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of base analogs: Base analogs are chemical compounds that resemble the normal nucleobases found in DNA. They can be incorporated into DNA during replication due to their structural similarity.
Explore how base analogs incorporate into DNA: During DNA replication, base analogs can be mistakenly used by DNA polymerase in place of the normal bases, leading to their incorporation into the DNA strand.
Examine the pairing errors caused by base analogs: Once incorporated, base analogs can pair incorrectly with the opposite strand during subsequent rounds of replication. This mispairing can lead to mutations.
Consider the impact of incorrect pairing: The incorrect pairing during DNA replication can result in a permanent change in the DNA sequence, known as a mutation, which can affect the function of genes.
Reflect on the consequences of mutations: Mutations caused by base analogs can lead to various effects, ranging from benign changes to significant alterations in protein function, potentially leading to diseases or altered traits.
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