Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry, what are the products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen

Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA

ATP and NADPH

Carbon dioxide and water

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that photosynthesis consists of two main stages: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and are the initial phase of photosynthesis.

Recognize that the primary purpose of the light reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.

During the light reactions, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which excites electrons to a higher energy state. These high-energy electrons are transferred through a series of proteins known as the electron transport chain.

As electrons move through the electron transport chain, they facilitate the pumping of protons (H⁺ ions) across the thylakoid membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

Simultaneously, the electrons reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. Both ATP and NADPH are then utilized in the Calvin cycle to drive the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water.