Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

Which statement is true regarding the earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth?

They relied on aerobic respiration for energy production.

They were eukaryotic organisms that evolved in the ocean.

They used hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, releasing sulfur as a byproduct.

They used water as an electron donor, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context of early photosynthetic organisms: These organisms are believed to have existed billions of years ago and played a crucial role in shaping Earth's atmosphere.

Recognize the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not. Early Earth had a very low oxygen concentration, making aerobic respiration unlikely for the earliest organisms.

Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms: The earliest photosynthetic organisms were prokaryotic, not eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and evolved later.

Identify the electron donors used by early photosynthetic organisms: Early photosynthetic organisms, such as certain types of bacteria, used hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) as an electron donor, not water (H₂O).

Understand the byproducts of these processes: When using hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, sulfur is released as a byproduct, not oxygen. Oxygenic photosynthesis, which releases oxygen, evolved later with cyanobacteria.