Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

Which mechanism do many diuretics use to increase urine volume in the body?

Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

Activation of aldosterone receptors

Enhancement of sodium reabsorption

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of diuretics: Diuretics are substances that promote the production of urine, helping to remove excess fluid from the body.

Identify the mechanisms listed: The problem provides several mechanisms, including stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, activation of aldosterone receptors, and enhancement of sodium reabsorption.

Analyze the function of carbonic anhydrase: Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that helps convert carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Inhibition of this enzyme affects the reabsorption of bicarbonate in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production.

Consider the effects of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase: By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, diuretics reduce the reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the proximal tubule of the nephron, leading to increased urine volume.

Conclude the mechanism: The inhibition of carbonic anhydrase is a common mechanism used by many diuretics to increase urine volume, as it directly affects the reabsorption processes in the kidneys.