Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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5:15 minutes

Problem 5b

Textbook Question

Use oxidation numbers to determine which of the following are redox reactions.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the oxidation states of each element in the reactants and products. For example, in a compound like H2O, hydrogen typically has an oxidation state of +1 and oxygen -2.

Write down the chemical equation for the reaction you are analyzing. Ensure that all reactants and products are clearly identified.

Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the reactants and products. Remember that the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero, and in an ion, it is equal to the charge of the ion.

Compare the oxidation numbers of each element in the reactants and products. Look for any changes in oxidation numbers, which indicate that a redox reaction has occurred.

Determine which element is oxidized (increase in oxidation number) and which is reduced (decrease in oxidation number). This will confirm the presence of a redox reaction if both oxidation and reduction occur.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms in a molecule to indicate the distribution of electrons among them. They help in identifying the oxidation state of an element in a compound, which is crucial for determining electron transfer in redox reactions. Typically, elements in their standard state have an oxidation number of zero, while common rules apply for compounds and ions.

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between two species. One species undergoes oxidation (loss of electrons) while the other undergoes reduction (gain of electrons). Identifying changes in oxidation numbers of elements in a reaction helps determine if a redox process has occurred.

Identifying Redox Reactions

To identify redox reactions, compare the oxidation numbers of elements in the reactants and products. A change in oxidation number indicates a redox process. If an element's oxidation number increases, it is oxidized; if it decreases, it is reduced. This method is essential for distinguishing redox reactions from other types of chemical reactions.

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