Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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3:45 minutes

Problem 44b

Textbook Question

Determine whether the following reactions are redox reactions. If they are, identify whether the molecule has been oxidized or reduced.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the reactants and products in the given chemical reaction. This will help you determine which atoms or groups are involved in the transformation.

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reactants and products. Remember that the oxidation number is a hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.

Compare the oxidation numbers of each atom in the reactants and products. Look for any changes in the oxidation numbers.

Determine if there is an increase or decrease in oxidation numbers. An increase in oxidation number indicates oxidation, while a decrease indicates reduction.

Conclude whether the reaction is a redox reaction. If there is a change in oxidation numbers, it is a redox reaction. Identify which molecule has been oxidized (increase in oxidation number) and which has been reduced (decrease in oxidation number).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between two species. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction refers to the gain of electrons. Identifying redox reactions requires analyzing changes in oxidation states of the reactants and products.

Oxidation States

The oxidation state is a number assigned to an element in a compound that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom. It helps in determining whether a species is oxidized or reduced in a reaction. Changes in oxidation states indicate electron transfer, crucial for identifying redox processes.

Identifying Oxidized and Reduced Species

To determine which molecule is oxidized or reduced, compare the oxidation states of elements before and after the reaction. The species whose oxidation state increases is oxidized, while the one whose oxidation state decreases is reduced. This analysis is essential for understanding the electron flow in redox reactions.