Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

To produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water

To release oxygen as a byproduct of water splitting

To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules

To convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Identify the two main stages of photosynthesis: The light reactions and the Calvin cycle (dark reactions). The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and require sunlight.

Recognize the primary function of light reactions: The light reactions convert solar energy into chemical energy. This is achieved by producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are energy carriers.

Explain the mechanism: During the light reactions, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight, exciting electrons that are transferred through a series of proteins in the electron transport chain. This process generates ATP and NADPH.

Clarify the role of ATP and NADPH: These molecules are then used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules, ultimately leading to the synthesis of glucose.