Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Intro to Metabolism

Organic Chemistry

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Intro to Metabolism

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Multiple Choice

In aerobic respiration, what role do the electrons added to NAD+ play?

They are stored in the mitochondria for future energy needs.

They are used to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA.

They are transferred to the electron transport chain to help generate a proton gradient.

They are used to directly synthesize ATP in the cytoplasm.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration: NAD+ is a coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier. During glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ is reduced to NADH by accepting electrons.

Recognize the importance of NADH: The electrons carried by NADH are crucial for the electron transport chain, which is the final stage of aerobic respiration.

Explore the electron transport chain: NADH donates the electrons to the electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This chain consists of a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons through redox reactions.

Learn about the proton gradient: As electrons move through the electron transport chain, protons (H+) are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Understand ATP synthesis: The proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain drives ATP synthesis. Protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, a process known as chemiosmosis, which results in the production of ATP.