Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules is used in photosynthesis by both plants and cyanobacteria?
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Intro to Organic Chemistry
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Which of the following functional groups is most likely to increase the solubility of an organic compound in water?
A
Carbonyl group (C=O)
B
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
C
Phenyl group (-C6H5)
D
Methyl group (-CH3)
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the nature of each functional group: The carbonyl group (C=O) is polar, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is highly polar and can form hydrogen bonds, the phenyl group (-C6H5) is non-polar, and the methyl group (-CH3) is also non-polar.
Understand the concept of solubility: Solubility in water is influenced by the ability of a compound to interact with water molecules. Polar groups and those capable of hydrogen bonding generally increase solubility in water.
Evaluate the hydrogen bonding potential: The hydroxyl group (-OH) can form hydrogen bonds with water, significantly enhancing solubility. The carbonyl group (C=O) can also interact with water but less effectively than the hydroxyl group.
Consider the polarity: The hydroxyl group is more polar than the carbonyl group, which means it can interact more strongly with water molecules.
Conclude based on interactions: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is most likely to increase the solubility of an organic compound in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds and its high polarity.
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