Which is a better nucleophile? d. CH 3 O − or CH 3 OH in DMSO

All right. Hi, everyone. So for this question, it's asking us which of the following is the stronger nuclear file in ethanol. And the question is between ethanolate and ethanol. Now, nuclear files, if you recall are electron rich species, right? And they go ahead and they seek out and react with electron deficient species known as electro Pyles. So there are quite a few factors that determine the the relative strength of a nuclear file over another. But there's one that I feel is most important for this question, right? And that one is going to be the charge of the nuclear file in question because here, right, regardless of the solvent that you're using negatively charged nuclear files will be stronger than neutral nuclear files. So let's compare our two right, ethanolate has a negative one charge whereas ethanol has no charge. So therefore, right, regardless of the solvent that we're using ethanolate is going to be a stronger nu file than ethanol because one is one is charged and the other one is not. So therefore, right, ethanolate is the stronger nuclear fire both in ethanol and in any solvent for that matter. And there you have it, with that being said, thank you very much for watching and I hope you found this helpful.

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8. Elimination Reactions

Nucleophiles and Basicity

Organic Chemistry

8. Elimination Reactions

Nucleophiles and Basicity

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1:53 minutes

Problem 12d

Textbook Question

Which is a better nucleophile?
d. CH₃O⁻ or CH₃OH in DMSO

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the key difference between CH3O− (methoxide ion) and CH3OH (methanol). CH3O− is the conjugate base of CH3OH, meaning CH3O− is negatively charged, while CH3OH is neutral.

Understand the role of charge in nucleophilicity. A negatively charged species (CH3O−) is generally a stronger nucleophile than its neutral counterpart (CH3OH) because the negative charge increases its electron density, making it more reactive toward electrophiles.

Consider the solvent, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent, which does not hydrogen bond with nucleophiles. This allows negatively charged nucleophiles like CH3O− to remain free and highly reactive, enhancing their nucleophilicity.

Compare the nucleophilicity of CH3O− and CH3OH in DMSO. CH3O−, being negatively charged and not hindered by hydrogen bonding in DMSO, will be a much better nucleophile than CH3OH, which is neutral and less reactive.

Conclude that CH3O− is the better nucleophile in DMSO due to its negative charge and the solvent's ability to stabilize the ion without reducing its reactivity.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Nucleophilicity

Nucleophilicity refers to the ability of a species to donate an electron pair to an electrophile, forming a chemical bond. Stronger nucleophiles are typically negatively charged or have lone pairs that can be readily donated. Factors influencing nucleophilicity include charge, electronegativity, and solvent effects, with polar aprotic solvents like DMSO enhancing nucleophilic strength.

Solvent Effects

The choice of solvent can significantly impact nucleophilicity. In polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO, nucleophiles are less solvated, allowing them to remain more reactive. This contrasts with polar protic solvents, where nucleophiles can be stabilized by hydrogen bonding, reducing their reactivity. Understanding solvent effects is crucial for predicting reaction outcomes.

Comparison of Nucleophiles

When comparing nucleophiles like CH3O− (methoxide ion) and CH3OH (methanol), the presence of a negative charge on CH3O− makes it a stronger nucleophile than the neutral CH3OH. The methoxide ion is more reactive due to its higher electron density and ability to donate electrons more readily, especially in a suitable solvent like DMSO.

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