Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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2:40 minutes

Problem 62e(i,ii)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,
(i) complete the reaction;
(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);
(e)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Write the general reaction for an acid-base pair. An acid donates a proton (H⁺), and a base accepts a proton. Use the given acid-base pair to predict the products of the reaction. Represent the acid as HA and the base as B⁻, and show the transfer of the proton.

Step 2: Complete the reaction by identifying the conjugate acid and conjugate base. The acid (HA) loses a proton to form its conjugate base (A⁻), and the base (B⁻) gains a proton to form its conjugate acid (HB). Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Step 3: Label the species in the reaction. Identify the acid (A) and base (B) on the reactant side, and the conjugate acid (CA) and conjugate base (CB) on the product side. Use the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases to make these identifications.

Step 4: Verify the reaction by checking the charges and the conservation of mass. Ensure that the total charge and the number of atoms are balanced on both sides of the equation.

Step 5: Review the reaction mechanism conceptually. Understand that the acid donates a proton to the base, forming the conjugate acid and conjugate base. This is a fundamental concept in acid-base chemistry and is key to solving similar problems in the future.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor. This framework helps in understanding how substances interact in acid-base reactions, allowing for the identification of reactants and products in a given reaction.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that differ by the presence of a proton (H+). When an acid donates a proton, it forms its conjugate base, while the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Recognizing these pairs is essential for analyzing acid-base reactions and predicting the direction of equilibrium.

Reaction Completion

Completing an acid-base reaction involves writing the products formed when an acid reacts with a base. This typically results in the formation of a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. Understanding the stoichiometry and the nature of the reactants is crucial for accurately predicting the products and balancing the chemical equation.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Provide an arrow-pushing mechanism for the following acid–base reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

In the following reactions,

(i) identify the acid and base,

(ii) identify the most electron-rich atom in the base,

(iii) identify the most acidic hydrogen in the acid,

(a)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,

(i) complete the reaction;

(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(b)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,

(i) complete the reaction;

(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(c)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs, (i) complete the reaction; (ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(f)

Textbook Question

For each of the following molecules, predict the product that would form upon reaction of a single equivalent of a strong base.

(f)

Textbook Question

Sodium amide (NaNH₂) dissociates to give a sodium cation (Na⁺) and amide ion (NH₂^-) a very strong base. In the following three equations, identify which definition of base is being exemplified.

(a)

Textbook Question

(c)

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