Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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2:16 minutes

Problem 62c(i,ii)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,
(i) complete the reaction;
(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Write the general form of an acid-base reaction. An acid donates a proton (H⁺), and a base accepts a proton. The products will be the conjugate base of the acid and the conjugate acid of the base.

Step 2: Identify the reactants in the given acid-base pair. Determine which species is the acid (proton donor) and which is the base (proton acceptor).

Step 3: Complete the reaction by transferring a proton (H⁺) from the acid to the base. Write the resulting products, which are the conjugate base of the acid and the conjugate acid of the base.

Step 4: Label the species in the reaction. The original acid becomes the conjugate base (CB), and the original base becomes the conjugate acid (CA). Clearly identify each species as acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), or conjugate base (CB).

Step 5: Verify the reaction by ensuring that the proton transfer is consistent with the definitions of acids and bases, and check that the charges and atoms are balanced on both sides of the equation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor. This framework helps in identifying the roles of different species in a reaction, allowing for the classification of substances as acids or bases based on their ability to donate or accept protons.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes its conjugate base, while the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Understanding these pairs is crucial for predicting the direction of acid-base reactions and the relative strength of acids and bases.

Reaction Completion

Completing an acid-base reaction involves writing the products formed when an acid reacts with a base. This typically results in the formation of a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. Recognizing the reactants' identities and their roles in the reaction is essential for accurately predicting the products and understanding the underlying chemical principles.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Provide an arrow-pushing mechanism for the following hypothetical base half-reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

Provide an arrow-pushing mechanism for the following acid–base reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

In the following reactions,

(i) identify the acid and base,

(ii) identify the most electron-rich atom in the base,

(iii) identify the most acidic hydrogen in the acid,

(a)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,

(i) complete the reaction;

(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(b)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs,

(i) complete the reaction;

(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(e)

Textbook Question

For the following acid–base pairs, (i) complete the reaction; (ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);

(f)

Textbook Question

For each of the following molecules, predict the product that would form upon reaction of a single equivalent of a strong base.

(f)

Textbook Question

Sodium amide (NaNH₂) dissociates to give a sodium cation (Na⁺) and amide ion (NH₂^-) a very strong base. In the following three equations, identify which definition of base is being exemplified.

(a)

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For the following acid–base pairs, (i) complete the reaction; (ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB); (c)

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Theory

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Reaction Completion

Watch next

For the following acid–base pairs,
(i) complete the reaction;
(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);
(c)