Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

8. Elimination Reactions

SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Chart (Big Daddy Flowchart)

Organic Chemistry

8. Elimination Reactions

SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Chart (Big Daddy Flowchart)

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3:18 minutes

Problem 63d

Textbook Question

Silver-assisted solvolysis of bromomethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex product mixture of the following five compounds. Propose mechanisms to account for these products.
(d)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recognize the reaction conditions. The presence of AgNO₃ and CH₃OH under heat suggests a silver-assisted solvolysis reaction. Silver ions (Ag⁺) can facilitate the departure of the bromide ion (Br⁻) from bromomethylcyclopentane, forming a carbocation intermediate.

Step 2: Identify the carbocation intermediate. The loss of Br⁻ from bromomethylcyclopentane generates a cyclopentylmethyl carbocation. This carbocation is relatively stable due to hyperconjugation and inductive effects.

Step 3: Consider possible rearrangements. The cyclopentylmethyl carbocation can undergo a hydride shift or ring expansion to form a more stable carbocation, such as a cyclohexyl carbocation. This rearrangement is driven by the stability of the six-membered ring structure.

Step 4: Analyze nucleophilic attack by methanol (CH₃OH). Methanol can act as a nucleophile and attack the carbocation, leading to the formation of methoxy-substituted products. Additionally, elimination reactions can occur, forming alkenes such as cyclohexene.

Step 5: Account for the product mixture. The reaction can yield a variety of products, including methoxycyclopentane, methoxycyclohexane, cyclohexene, and other rearranged or substituted compounds. Each product arises from different pathways involving carbocation rearrangements, nucleophilic substitution, and elimination.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Silver-Assisted Solvolysis

Silver-assisted solvolysis involves the use of silver salts, such as AgNO3, to facilitate the nucleophilic substitution of a leaving group (like bromine) in an organic compound. In this reaction, the silver ion helps to stabilize the leaving group, promoting the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which can then react with the solvent (methanol) to form various products.

Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms

Nucleophilic substitution mechanisms, primarily SN1 and SN2, describe how nucleophiles attack electrophiles to replace a leaving group. In SN1 reactions, a carbocation is formed as an intermediate, allowing for rearrangements and the possibility of multiple products. In contrast, SN2 reactions involve a direct attack by the nucleophile, leading to a single product without intermediates.

Product Mixture and Rearrangements

The formation of a complex product mixture in reactions like the one described can result from various pathways, including rearrangements of carbocations. When a carbocation is formed, it may undergo shifts to more stable forms, leading to different structural isomers. This complexity is particularly evident in cyclic compounds, where ring strain and stability can influence the final product distribution.

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Textbook Question

Make models of the following compounds, and predict the products formed when they react with the strong bases shown.

(d)

Textbook Question

Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. Additional products may be formed, but your mechanism only needs to explain the products shown.

(c)

Textbook Question

Silver-assisted solvolysis of bromomethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex product mixture of the following five compounds. Propose mechanisms to account for these products.

(b)

Textbook Question

Silver-assisted solvolysis of bromomethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex product mixture of the following five compounds. Propose mechanisms to account for these products.

(c)

Textbook Question

Silver-assisted solvolysis of bromomethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex product mixture of the following five compounds. Propose mechanisms to account for these products.

(e)

Textbook Question

Draw the products of each of the following S_N2/E2 reactions. If the products can exist as stereoisomers, show which stereoisomers are formed.

b. (3R,4R)-3-bromo-4-methylhexane + CH₃O⁻

Textbook Question

Which of the following compounds would react faster in an

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a. E1 reaction?

b. E2 reaction?

Textbook Question

What product is obtained when the following compound undergoes two successive elimination reactions?

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