Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Problem 5e

Textbook Question

Use oxidation numbers to determine which of the following are redox reactions.
(e)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the reactants and products in the given chemical equation. The reactant is an alcohol, and the products are a ketone and hydrogen gas.

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reactant. For the alcohol, the carbon bonded to the OH group typically has an oxidation number of -1, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon have an oxidation number of +1.

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the products. In the ketone, the carbonyl carbon has an oxidation number of +1, and the hydrogen gas (H2) has an oxidation number of 0.

Compare the oxidation numbers of the carbon atom in the reactant and product. The carbon atom bonded to the OH group in the alcohol is oxidized from -1 to +1 in the ketone, indicating an increase in oxidation number.

Determine if a redox reaction has occurred. Since the oxidation number of carbon increases, and hydrogen is released as H2, this indicates that the alcohol is oxidized to a ketone, confirming a redox reaction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms in a molecule to indicate the degree of oxidation or reduction. They help track the transfer of electrons during chemical reactions. The rules for assigning oxidation numbers include that the oxidation state of an element in its standard state is zero, and for monoatomic ions, it equals the charge of the ion.

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions, or reduction-oxidation reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between two species. In these reactions, one species is oxidized (loses electrons) while another is reduced (gains electrons). Identifying redox reactions requires analyzing changes in oxidation numbers of the involved elements.

Balancing Redox Reactions

Balancing redox reactions involves ensuring that the number of electrons lost in oxidation equals the number gained in reduction. This can be done using half-reaction methods, where the oxidation and reduction processes are balanced separately before combining them. Proper balancing is crucial for accurately representing the stoichiometry of the reaction.

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