Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Problem 41c

Textbook Question

Which of the reactions studied in this chapter result in oxidation of the organic molecule? Justify your answer.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the reaction type: The image shows a reaction involving N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and heat, which is typically used for allylic bromination.

Understand allylic bromination: This reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom at the allylic position (next to a double bond) with a bromine atom.

Analyze oxidation: In organic chemistry, oxidation often involves the increase in the number of bonds to oxygen or other electronegative atoms, or the loss of hydrogen atoms.

Evaluate the change in oxidation state: In the given reaction, a hydrogen atom is replaced by a bromine atom. Bromine is more electronegative than hydrogen, which can be considered as an increase in oxidation state.

Conclude the oxidation process: Since the reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom with a more electronegative bromine atom, it can be considered as an oxidation of the organic molecule.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Oxidation in Organic Chemistry

Oxidation refers to the process where an organic molecule loses electrons, often accompanied by an increase in oxidation state. In organic chemistry, this can involve the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen. Understanding the specific reactions that lead to oxidation is crucial for identifying which reactions in the chapter result in this transformation.

Common Oxidizing Agents

Oxidizing agents are substances that facilitate the oxidation of organic molecules by accepting electrons. Common oxidizing agents include potassium permanganate (KMnO4), chromium trioxide (CrO3), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Recognizing these agents and their mechanisms helps in determining which reactions lead to oxidation.

Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding reaction mechanisms is essential for analyzing how and why certain reactions occur. Mechanisms detail the step-by-step process of a reaction, including the breaking and forming of bonds. By studying the mechanisms of the reactions in the chapter, one can identify which steps involve oxidation and justify the overall oxidation of the organic molecule.

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