Textbook Question
A vicinal diol has OH groups on adjacent carbons. The dehydration of a vicinal diol is accompanied by a rearrangement called the pinacol rearrangement. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
9. Alkenes and Alkynes
Dehydration Reaction
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In a dehydration synthesis reaction, which molecule is typically removed to form a new bond?
A
Hydrogen gas (H2)
B
Water (H2O)
C
Oxygen (O2)
D
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of dehydration synthesis: Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of a water molecule to form a new bond between two molecules.
Identify the components of a water molecule: Water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Recognize the role of water in dehydration synthesis: During the reaction, a hydroxyl group (OH) from one molecule and a hydrogen atom (H) from another molecule are removed to form water (H2O).
Connect the removal of water to bond formation: The removal of the water molecule allows the two original molecules to form a covalent bond, linking them together.
Conclude that water (H2O) is the molecule typically removed in dehydration synthesis reactions, facilitating the formation of new bonds between molecules.
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