Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Organometallic Cumulative Practice

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Organometallic Cumulative Practice

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6:16 minutes

Problem 25

Textbook Question

What products would you expect from the following reactions?
(a)
(b)

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Analyze the reactants and reaction conditions for each part (a) and (b). Identify the functional groups present in the reactants and the type of reaction (e.g., substitution, elimination, addition, etc.).

For part (a), determine the mechanism of the reaction based on the reagents and conditions provided. For example, if a strong nucleophile is present, consider a nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or SN2) or elimination (E1 or E2) pathway.

Write the step-by-step mechanism for part (a), showing how the reactants transform into the products. Use curved arrows to indicate the movement of electrons and ensure all intermediates are accounted for.

For part (b), repeat the process: identify the reaction type and mechanism based on the reactants and conditions. Consider factors such as the presence of catalysts, heat, or specific reagents that might favor a particular pathway.

Draw the final products for both (a) and (b), ensuring that all stereochemistry, regiochemistry, and functional group transformations are correctly represented. Double-check the stability of the products and intermediates to confirm the plausibility of the reaction pathways.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial in organic chemistry as they describe the step-by-step process by which reactants transform into products. This includes identifying intermediates, transition states, and the movement of electrons. Familiarity with mechanisms helps predict the products of reactions based on the types of reactants and conditions involved.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups allows chemists to predict how different compounds will react and what products will form. Common functional groups include alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines, each influencing reactivity and product formation.

Reagents and Conditions

The choice of reagents and reaction conditions (such as temperature, pressure, and solvent) significantly affects the outcome of organic reactions. Different reagents can lead to various pathways and products, while specific conditions can favor certain reactions over others. Understanding how these factors interact is essential for predicting the products of organic reactions.

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Textbook Question

Show how you would synthesize the following compounds from any starting materials containing no more than six carbon atoms.

(a)

Textbook Question

Show how this 1° alcohol can be made from the following:

(b) formaldehyde

Textbook Question

For each synthesis, start with bromocyclohexane and predict the products. Assume that an excess of each reactant is added so that all possible reactions that can happen will happen.

(a)

Textbook Question

What organocuprate reagent would you use for the following substitutions?

(a)

(b)

Textbook Question

Show how you might synthesize the following compounds starting with bromobenzene, and alkyl or alkenyl halides of four carbon atoms or fewer.

a. 3-phenylprop-1-ene

Textbook Question

Show how you might synthesize the following compounds starting with bromobenzene, and alkyl or alkenyl halides of four carbon atoms or fewer.

b. 5-methylhex-2-ene

Textbook Question