Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately describes the C4 photosynthesis pathway?

C4 photosynthesis is less efficient than C3 photosynthesis under high light and temperature conditions.

C4 photosynthesis does not involve the Calvin cycle.

C4 photosynthesis occurs only in aquatic plants.

C4 photosynthesis involves the initial fixation of CO2 into a four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the context: C4 photosynthesis is a process used by certain plants to efficiently fix carbon dioxide (CO2) in hot and dry environments. It is an adaptation to minimize photorespiration.

Identify the key feature of C4 photosynthesis: The process involves the initial fixation of CO2 into a four-carbon compound, typically oxaloacetate, in the mesophyll cells. This is a distinguishing feature from C3 photosynthesis, where CO2 is directly fixed into a three-carbon compound.

Recognize the role of mesophyll cells: In C4 plants, CO2 is initially fixed in the mesophyll cells, forming a four-carbon compound. This compound is then transported to bundle-sheath cells where the Calvin cycle occurs.

Clarify the efficiency aspect: C4 photosynthesis is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis under high light and temperature conditions because it effectively concentrates CO2 at the site of the Calvin cycle, reducing photorespiration.

Note the types of plants: C4 photosynthesis is not limited to aquatic plants; it is found in many terrestrial plants, particularly those in hot and arid environments, such as maize and sugarcane.