Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Imine vs Enamine

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Imine vs Enamine

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2:36 minutes

Problem 49h

Textbook Question

For each compound,
1. name the functional group.
2. show what compound(s) result from complete hydrolysis.
(h)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional group in the compound. The structure contains a hydrazone functional group, which is characterized by the presence of a C=N-NH2 bond.

Step 2: Understand the concept of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis involves breaking chemical bonds using water, typically resulting in the cleavage of the functional group and formation of simpler compounds.

Step 3: Predict the products of hydrolysis. For hydrazones, hydrolysis typically breaks the C=N bond, leading to the formation of the parent carbonyl compound (a ketone or aldehyde) and hydrazine (NH2-NH2).

Step 4: Analyze the given structure. The cyclic structure indicates that the parent carbonyl compound is cyclopentanone, as the hydrazone is derived from this ketone.

Step 5: Write the expected products. The complete hydrolysis of the given compound will yield cyclopentanone and hydrazine (NH2-NH2).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2), each imparting distinct behaviors to the compounds they are part of.

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound. In organic chemistry, it often involves the cleavage of bonds in larger molecules, resulting in the formation of smaller molecules or functional groups. Complete hydrolysis typically refers to the full breakdown of a compound into its constituent parts, such as converting esters into acids and alcohols.

Naming Organic Compounds

Naming organic compounds follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This systematic approach includes identifying the longest carbon chain, naming the functional groups, and assigning locants to indicate the position of substituents. Proper naming is essential for clear communication in chemistry, ensuring that each compound can be accurately identified and understood.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Propose mechanisms for the following reactions.

(b)

Textbook Question

Show a complete mechanism for this equilibrium established in diethyl ether with HCl gas as catalyst.

Textbook Question

Depending on the reaction conditions, two different imines of formula C₈H₉N might be formed by the reaction of benzaldehyde with methylamine. Explain, and give the structures of the two imines.

Textbook Question

For each compound,

1. name the functional group.

2. show what compound(s) result from complete hydrolysis.

(g)

Textbook Question

Show how you would synthesize the following derivatives from appropriate carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Textbook Question

Identify A through O:

Textbook Question

Identify the bonds broken and formed in the following addition reaction.