Textbook Question
Predict the major product of the following bromination reactions.
(b)
11. Radical Reactions
Free Radical Halogenation
3:43 minutesProblem 51d
Textbook Question
For the following reaction, answer questions (a)–(d).
(d) Given your choice in (b), why is it the weakest bond?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the reaction type and the bonds involved. Consider the types of bonds present in the reactants and products, such as single, double, or triple bonds.
Step 2: Review the concept of bond strength. Bond strength is generally related to the bond order; higher bond orders (e.g., triple bonds) are stronger than lower bond orders (e.g., single bonds).
Step 3: Consider the electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bond. Bonds between atoms with similar electronegativity tend to be weaker than those between atoms with differing electronegativity.
Step 4: Analyze the bond length. Longer bonds are typically weaker than shorter bonds. Bond length is influenced by the size of the atoms and the bond order.
Step 5: Evaluate the bond energy. The weakest bond will have the lowest bond energy, which is the energy required to break the bond. Compare the bond energies of the bonds involved in the reaction.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bond Strength
Bond strength refers to the energy required to break a bond between two atoms. It is influenced by factors such as bond length, bond order, and the electronegativity of the atoms involved. Generally, shorter bonds with higher bond orders are stronger, while longer bonds with lower bond orders are weaker.
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons within a chemical bond. Differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms can affect bond polarity and strength. Bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities tend to be weaker due to less polar character.
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Bond Length
Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is determined by the size of the atoms and the type of bond (single, double, or triple). Longer bond lengths generally correlate with weaker bonds, as the overlap between atomic orbitals is reduced, leading to less effective electron sharing.
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