Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

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Problem 60f

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.
(f)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of hydrogen atoms in the molecule. Look for different environments such as alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, etc., and note the number of hydrogen atoms in each environment.

Determine the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms for each type of hydrogen. This is crucial for predicting the splitting pattern, as the number of neighboring hydrogens (n) will influence the multiplicity of the signal.

Apply the n+1 rule to predict the splitting pattern. According to this rule, the number of peaks in the NMR signal is equal to the number of neighboring hydrogens plus one. For example, if a hydrogen has 2 neighboring hydrogens, its signal will be a triplet (2+1=3).

Consider any special cases such as equivalent hydrogens or coupling constants. Equivalent hydrogens will not split each other, and coupling constants can affect the appearance of the splitting pattern.

Review the chemical structure for symmetry or other factors that might affect the splitting pattern. Symmetrical molecules may have fewer unique signals due to equivalent environments.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by observing the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei. In NMR, the splitting pattern of hydrogen signals provides information about the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms, which helps in deducing the molecular structure.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling, also known as J-coupling, occurs when the magnetic field of one nucleus affects the magnetic field of a neighboring nucleus. This interaction causes the splitting of NMR signals into multiplets, with the number of peaks in a multiplet indicating the number of adjacent hydrogens plus one (n+1 rule).

Multiplicity

Multiplicity refers to the number of peaks observed in an NMR signal due to spin-spin coupling. It is determined by the n+1 rule, where 'n' is the number of neighboring hydrogens. Common multiplicities include singlets, doublets, triplets, and quartets, each providing insights into the molecular environment of the hydrogen atoms.

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