Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Patterns

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Problem 61a

Textbook Question

Draw the signal for the following multiplicities. What is the ratio of peaks within each signal?
(a) doublet

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of multiplicity in NMR spectroscopy: Multiplicity refers to the number of peaks in a signal, which is determined by the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms (n) plus one (n+1 rule). A doublet indicates that there is one neighboring hydrogen atom.

Draw the signal for a doublet: A doublet consists of two peaks. These peaks are typically of equal intensity and are symmetrically spaced around the chemical shift of the hydrogen being observed.

Determine the ratio of peaks within a doublet: For a doublet, the ratio of the peaks is 1:1. This means that both peaks have the same height or intensity.

Visualize the doublet: Imagine two peaks on a graph, equally spaced and of equal height, representing the splitting of the signal due to the interaction with one neighboring hydrogen atom.

Consider the context of the doublet: In a real NMR spectrum, the spacing between the peaks of a doublet is determined by the coupling constant (J value), which provides information about the spatial relationship between the hydrogen atoms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a technique used to observe the local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. It provides detailed information about the structure, dynamics, reaction state, and chemical environment of molecules. In organic chemistry, NMR is crucial for determining the structure of organic compounds by analyzing the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei.

Multiplicity in NMR

Multiplicity refers to the splitting of NMR signals into multiple peaks due to spin-spin coupling between non-equivalent hydrogen atoms. This splitting pattern provides insights into the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms. For example, a doublet indicates that the observed hydrogen atom has one neighboring hydrogen, splitting the signal into two peaks with a 1:1 ratio.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling is the interaction between magnetic fields of neighboring nuclei, leading to the splitting of NMR signals. This phenomenon occurs when nuclei are close enough to influence each other's magnetic environment, resulting in a predictable pattern of peaks. The number of peaks and their intensity ratios help deduce the number of adjacent hydrogen atoms and their spatial arrangement.

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